Pożary lasów na świecie - uwarunkowania ich powstawania i metody badań

Forest wildfires in the world - determinants and research methods

Summary: Forest wildfires are one of the main disturbances in ecosystems, but they are a part of natural change in natural habitats. The vast majority of fire incidents are a consequence of human activity. Socio-economic development causes increased anthropopressure on forest environments and an increase in the number of fire events, which causes an increase in natural and non-natural ( mainly economic ) losses. Natural losses include, among others, unfavorable geochemical soil changes, change of microclimate and water conditions, and a decline in biodiversity. Therefore, the recognition of the causes of fires and the development of effective systems of their prediction is not only a result of the need for scientific cognition, but is dictated by a significant state interest. For this reason, this problem is being tackled all over the world, resulting in many systems for early detection of forest fire hazards. At the same time, all studies on this issue underline an important role of local conditions in the variable share of the importance of individual factors, which means that direct implementation of existing systems which work in a given region is generally not possible in other regions. A review of the literature on the subject indicates that both stochastic and deterministic approaches can be adopted in modelling forest fires. The spatial scale of research differs from point-based distribution of phenomena on a small scale to broad aggregation for large administrative or ecological entities. The data is analysed both on the scale of one season and of many years. The main goal of this article is to present factors conducive to forest fires and methods of testing their impact on forest fire risk.

Słowa kluczowe: antropopresja, czynniki przyrodnicze, metodyka badań, pożary lasów, zagrożenie pożarowe

Słowa kluczowe (w języku angielskim): anthropopressure, fire hazard, forest wildfires, natural factors, research methods

Fiedeń Ł., Anielska K. (red.), 2019, Współczesne problemy i kierunki badawcze w geografii. tom 7, IGiGP UJ, Kraków, s. 103-126.

Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej UJ

ISBN 978-83-64089-53-4

Pełny tekst (448 KB)